Antioxidant Vitamin A is one of the most effective anti-ageing ingredients available. Within skincare, one of the best known derivatives is Retinol, which can soften fine lines and wrinkles, brighten discolouration, decongest pores, and improve texture and tone. Retinol is a powerful active – which can cause a range of side-effects including redness, dryness, tightness and peeling – so it needs to be introduced gradually, in an appropriate dosage. Most Retinols are best applied at night, to help keep the formula stable and minimise photo-sensitivity.